Behind the Scenes: Internet, Network Devices, and How Websites Work

Rahul Thakur
By -Rahul Thakur
November 20, 2024
0

Internet kaafi complex system hai, lekin isko samajhna ek simple perspective se shuru kiya ja sakta hai. Yeh blog is cheez ko detail me cover karega ki Internet kaun chalata hai, network devices ka kya kaam hai, aur websites kaise kaam karti hain aur kaise banti hain.



1. Internet Ko Kaun Chalata Hai?

Internet ek decentralized system hai. Yeh ek global network hai jo alag-alag devices aur systems ko connect karta hai. Isko chalane ke liye kai organizations aur entities milkar kaam karti hain.

Key Entities Jo Internet Ko Chalati Hain

(a) Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

  • ISPs aapke aur Internet backbone ke beech bridge ka kaam karte hain.
  • ISPs multiple tiers me divided hote hain:
    • Tier 1: Backbone ISPs jo undersea cables aur satellites ka use karte hain.
    • Tier 2 aur 3: Local aur regional providers jo users ko Internet access dete hain.

(b) ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)

  • ICANN domain names (jaise google.com) aur IP addresses ko manage karta hai.
  • Yeh ensure karta hai ki har domain unique ho aur globally accessible ho.

(c) IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

  • Internet protocols jaise TCP/IP, HTTP, aur HTTPS design aur maintain karta hai.
  • Yeh ensure karta hai ki devices alag hone ke bawajood ek doosre se baat kar saken.

(d) Data Centers aur Content Delivery Networks (CDNs)

  • Data centers Internet ke servers ko host karte hain.
  • CDNs jaise Cloudflare aur Akamai websites ke content ko users ke paas faster reach karne me madad karte hain.

(e) Governance

  • Governments aur international organizations Internet policies aur security protocols banane me madad karte hain.

2. Network Devices Aur Unka Kaam

Internet ka infrastructure mainly network devices ke upar based hai. Har device ka apna specific role hota hai.

Main Network Devices Aur Unka Function

(a) Modem

  • Internet signal ko decode karta hai jo aapke ISP se aata hai.
  • Yeh signals ko digital form me convert karta hai jo aapke devices samajh sakein.

(b) Router

  • Multiple devices ko ek saath Internet access provide karta hai.
  • Router data packets ko alag-alag networks ke beech forward karta hai.

(c) Switch

  • Local Area Network (LAN) me devices ko connect karta hai.
  • Ek switch ensure karta hai ki data sirf intended device tak hi pahuche.

(d) Firewall

  • Firewall ek security layer provide karta hai.
  • Yeh malicious traffic ko block karta hai aur authorized data ko pass hone deta hai.

(e) DNS Server

  • Domain names ko IP addresses me convert karta hai.
  • Example: jab aap "google.com" type karte hain, DNS server isse 8.8.8.8 (Google ke server ka IP) me convert karta hai.

3. Ek Website Kaise Kaam Karti Hai?

Internet par websites kaam karne ke liye client-server architecture ka use karti hain.

Client-Server Architecture

(a) Client

  • Client aapka browser hota hai (Chrome, Firefox, Safari).
  • Yeh website ke content ko display karta hai.

(b) Server

  • Server ek computer ya software hai jo client ke requests ka response deta hai.
  • Web servers jaise Apache aur NGINX use hote hain.

Website Loading Process

  1. DNS Lookup
    • Browser URL ko DNS server se contact karke IP address leta hai.
  2. TCP/IP Connection
    • Client aur server ke beech data packets exchange karne ke liye connection establish hota hai.
  3. HTTP Request
    • Browser HTTP request bhejta hai server ke paas (e.g., "Mujhe homepage bhejo").
  4. Server Response
    • Server HTML, CSS, JavaScript files bhejta hai jo browser render karta hai.

Request-Response Cycle Ka Example

  1. Browser request karta hai: GET /index.html HTTP/1.1.
  2. Server response deta hai:
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK  
    Content-Type: text/html  

<html>  
  <head><title>Home</title></head>  
  <body>Welcome to My Website!</body>  
</html>

4. Ek Website Kaise Banti Hai?

(a) Frontend Development

  • Frontend wo part hota hai jo user interact karta hai.
  • Languages:
    • HTML: Structure define karta hai.
    • CSS: Website ka design aur layout banata hai.
    • JavaScript: Website me interactivity add karta hai.

(b) Backend Development

  • Backend me server-side logic hota hai.
  • Languages:
    • Python, PHP, Node.js: Backend scripts likhne ke liye.
  • Server frameworks jaise Django, Laravel use hote hain.

(c) Database

  • Database me website ka data store hota hai.
  • Examples:
    • Relational: MySQL, PostgreSQL.
    • NoSQL: MongoDB.

(d) Hosting Aur Deployment

  • Hosting services jaise AWS, Netlify, aur Heroku website ko live karte hain.
  • Deployment tools jaise Git aur Docker use hote hain.

Conclusion

  • Internet ek decentralized aur collaborative system hai jo ISPs, ICANN, aur data centers ke efforts ke wajah se kaam karta hai.
  • Network devices jaise router, modem, aur DNS servers Internet ki backbone hain.
  • Websites ke peeche client-server architecture aur frontend-backend technologies ka integration hota hai.

Internet aur websites ke kaam karne ka process samajhne ke baad aap ek beginner se expert ki taraf apna safar shuru kar sakte hain!

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